Electrotherapy US Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which of the following is a non-thermal effect of ultrasound?
• Pulse duration is defined as how long each pulse lasts.
• How does reverse piezoelectricity work?
• Which best describes the overall purpose of ramp time in NMES?
• What is the rationale for using HVPC to reduce edema in acute injuries?
• Thermal ultrasound is recommended to treat mild to moderate CTS.
• For neck pain with mobility deficits, which ultrasound approach is supported in chronic cases?
• Which item in a dosimetric plan ensures safety checks?
• Which of the following is NOT a thermal effect of ultrasound?
• For plantar fasciitis, which type of ultrasound intensity is typically used according to clinical guidelines?
• What does the piezoelectric crystal do?
• Which statement about MIST therapy is true?
• Which of the following is a contraindication to iontophoresis?
• Why is there an increased risk of burns for patients with diabetes or neuropathy during electrotherapy?
• Conventional (high-rate) TENS settings typically include:
• In NMES, typical ramp time value is what?
• Which device is used for fracture healing?
• What precaution should be observed when using ultrasound near bony prominences?
• In IFC therapy for chronic low back pain, which scenario would prompt adjusting the treatment settings?
• If the Spatial Peak Intensity equals the Spatial Average Intensity, what is the Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR)?
• What are common moisture/dry skin issues that affect electrode adhesion and how should they be handled?
• What is the purpose of ramp time in NMES?
• What ultrasound modality is commonly used to promote fracture healing?
• Which device is commonly used for fracture healing?
• What guides the typical therapeutic dose ranges for iontophoresis?
• Two drugs commonly delivered via iontophoresis and their therapeutic targets.
• Which condition has strong evidence for continuous US treatment?
• If a current of 2 mA is applied for 10 minutes during iontophoresis, what is the dose in mA-min?
• How is ultrasound intensity defined?
• Why is patient education essential in neurostimulation therapies?
• Which element pertains to expected outcomes in a dosimetric plan?
• MIST therapy is delivered by which method?
• Which factor most directly influences the risk of hotspots during ultrasound therapy?
• What is the therapeutic US frequency range?
• For heating a superficial tendon, which parameter set is correct?
• What is the effect of mild heating on tissue metabolism?
• What is the typical temperature rise associated with mild heating?
• If there is an adverse reaction during ultrasound treatment you should not what?
• High-Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) is characterized by which waveform, and what is it typically used for?
• In iontophoresis, how is a therapeutic drug delivered across the skin, and what equation relates current, time, and dose?
• Which element is part of a dosimetric plan regarding treatment session duration?
• Which statement best describes the overall nature of MIST therapy?
• Which statement is NOT a listed contraindication for ultrasound?
• What should be included when documenting the progression of a patient’s electrotherapy course?
• What would be a typical electrode configuration for treating knee osteoarthritis with NMES?
• Which strategy is appropriate for optimizing current density in pediatric electrotherapy?
• Which ultrasound frequency is typically used to heat superficial tissues?
• Which combination best describes typical LIPUS parameters?
• Brief-intense TENS is characterized by what parameters and primary risk?
• When counseling a patient on home use of electrotherapy devices, what key safety points should be included?
• Which of the following may affect variability in patient responses to ultrasound?
• Which of the following is a key safety check before using a home-use electrotherapy device?
• What is the Russian current and what setting does it use?
• Which waveform reverses direction sinusoidally?
• Which element in a dosimetric plan is used to determine progression?
• The dosimetric plan in electrotherapy is primarily used to...
• What is absorption?
• How is the duty cycle defined in therapeutic ultrasound?
• What effect is associated with vigorous heating?
• Duty cycle is the ratio of on-time to the total cycle.
• How often should skin be checked or assessed in at-risk patients before and after electrotherapy sessions?
• What temperature rise defines vigorous heating?
• Which parameter primarily determines depth of penetration in ultrasound?
• In hip osteoarthritis, ultrasound therapy is recommended with which dose and region coverage?
• Which modality is specifically associated with edema reduction and wound healing in electrotherapy?
• Vigorous thermal heating should be used for which response?
• What signs indicate high impedance during electrotherapy?
• What is the primary clinical goal of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)?
• Which heating level is primarily used to increase viscoelastic properties by affecting collagen?
• Dexamethasone is commonly delivered via iontophoresis for which condition?
• What is a common sign of poor electrode contact, and how can impedance issues be troubleshooted?
• What are the optimal ultrasound dose parameters for heating a superficial muscle?
• Mild thermal heating should be used for which condition?
• What is used to determine the final intensity of heating therapy?
• Which formula represents the temperature increase when using 3 MHz ultrasound?
• Beat frequency is calculated as the absolute difference between the two carrier frequencies f1 and f2. Which equation represents this?
• Which element relates to electrode placement in a dosimetric plan?
• How should the effectiveness of IFC therapy for chronic low back pain be evaluated?
• Lateral elbow pain: phonophoresis and ultrasound are not recommended. Which statement is correct?
• Which is a non-thermal indication for ultrasound?
• A BNR of 1:1 indicates which of the following about the ultrasound beam?
• Which parameters influence sensation, contraction, heating, and comfort during electrotherapy?
• For chronic neck pain with mobility deficits, which statement is correct?
• Which element is included in a dosimetric plan?
• Why does a tendon heat up quicker and cool down slower under thermal therapy?
• In clinical practice, what are typical outcomes to measure after a course of electrotherapy?
• What safety considerations apply to placing electrodes near the head and neck?
• What is the recommended approach if a patient has a pacemaker and requires treatment near the chest?
• During HVPC therapy for edema management, which polarity is typically used in the initial stage?
• Which of the following is NOT a typical use of moderate heating?
• In NMES for strengthening, what are typical on:off times?
• Which statement best describes SPI?
• Which of the following is an indication for thermal ultrasound regarding pain management?
• What is the formula for temperature increase at 1 MHz?
• What is NMES and its primary therapeutic goal?
• Which practice helps maximize electrode conductivity on the skin?
• How should you educate patients about thermal vs non-thermal pulsed ultrasound sensations?
• Absorption describes energy transfer to tissue as heat
• What are the optimal dose parameters for heating a superficial tendon?
• What temperature rise characterizes moderate heating?
• What is the effective radiating area (ERA)?
• Where should return electrodes be placed when using NMES for knee osteoarthritis?
• Phonophoresis is used to deliver topical medications through the skin for plantar fasciitis.
• In reverse piezoelectric operation, what is the sequence after the crystal oscillates?
• For acute lateral epicondylitis, how would you plan an iontophoresis treatment?
• Which parameter is used to heat a deep tendon?
• Which of the following is NOT a LIPUS parameter?
• In electrotherapy documentation, which items indicate safety monitoring?
• What are typical reasons to discontinue electrotherapy treatment?
• Crystal quality affects how uniform the ultrasound beam is.
• In HVPC wound care, which polarity is commonly used in the early inflammatory stage to promote edema reduction and bacterial clearance?
• Identify the option that is not an optimal dose parameter for heating deep muscle.
• Non-thermal intensity is less than which value?
• The primary energy conversion in the piezoelectric crystal is from electrical energy to
• If skin contact is slipping or electrodes have poor contact during a session, what is the best action?
• What is the purpose of progression criteria in a dosimetric plan?
• What are the optimal dose parameters for heating a deep tendon?
• Which ultrasound frequency is typically used to heat deep tissues?
• In ultrasound therapy, increasing frequency primarily affects which parameter?
• 3 MHz - absorption occurs up to
• What does LIPUS stand for?
• HVPC is commonly used for which of the following conditions?
• Which of the following is a precaution/contraindication for iontophoresis?
• Which waveform category provides a constant unidirectional flow of current?
• Which item is not typically included in a dosimetric plan?
• What does frequency determine?
• Acupuncture-like TENS uses which settings and mechanism?
• Which of the following would be considered an adverse event during electrotherapy?
• US treatment to improve tissue extensibility should be performed how many times per week?
• What frequency and pulse duration ranges are commonly used for NMES muscle strengthening?
• Which waveform delivers current in bursts with off-times?
• Which statement best describes beam nonuniformity when there is a pronounced hot spot?
• How does MIST therapy work?
• Thermal ultrasound is indicated for subacute or chronic tendon inflammation.
• Which condition is an indication for thermal ultrasound?
• Which is an indication for thermal ultrasound among the following?
• Beam Nonuniformity Ratio (BNR) is defined as what?
• A lower beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR) indicates greater beam uniformity.
• What is a typical HVPC parameter set for wound care?
• What is the recommended approach to combine electrotherapy with a therapeutic exercise plan?
• For iontophoresis, which medication is commonly used for inflammation in acute musculoskeletal conditions?
• What is microcurrent therapy and when might it be favored over higher-intensity modalities?
• Phonophoresis is not recommended to treat CTS.
• If a burn or skin irritation occurs during electrotherapy, what is the correct course of action?
• In treating calcific tendinitis, ultrasound is thought to
• Besides TENS and NMES, which modalities are commonly used in electrotherapy in the US?
• Which beam nonuniformity ratio (BNR) is generally considered better for ultrasound therapy?
• Acoustic microstreaming results in what phenomenon in ultrasound therapy?
• If the crystal diameter increases, the ERA will
• Which electrode arrangement is common for IFC targeting knee pain?
• Which statement about the ERA relative to the transducer face is true?
• If the ultrasound intensity is set to 1.0 W/cm2 and the BNR is 5:1, what is the peak intensity (SPI)?
• Which ultrasound parameter set is recommended for adhesive capsulitis?
• What safety considerations should be applied when using electrotherapy in pediatric populations?
• How does increased collagen density in tissue affect ultrasound absorption?
• 1 MHz - absorption occurs up to
• Typical ramp times for NMES are in what range?
• As frequency increases, what happens to ultrasound absorption in tissue?
• Interferential current therapy uses two carrier frequencies that intersect. The beat frequency falls in which range to modulate pain?
• Which factors influence the choice between using TENS versus HVPC for edema management?
• Frequency is defined as the number of pulses per second.
• Which frequency is absorbed faster by tissue?
• Higher intensity results in higher tissue temperature.
• Which of the following is a contraindication for ultrasound?
• Longer ramp times in NMES are mainly intended to improve?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship between heating level and tissue effects?
• Cavitation in ultrasound therapy results in which of the following?
• What is the correct approach if a patient reports a new warmth or burning sensation under an electrode during therapy?
• What is the role of patient tolerance thresholds in electrotherapy?
• What is the intensity of MIST therapy?
• Tissues absorb US delivered at 3 MHz at a rate 3x faster than 1 MHz US
• What is the role of ramp time in NMES and TENS?
• What is the typical session length for HVPC used in wound healing?
• In wound healing, how would you decide whether to use HVPC negative or positive polarity initially?
• What is the typical intensity range used in therapeutic ultrasound?
• SAI is defined as the ultrasound beam intensity averaged over the area of the ERA.
• Phonophoresis is defined as
• What are common indicators of adequate analgesia with TENS and when would you adjust therapy?
• Which statement about ramp time in NMES is true?
• Which of the following best describes the HVPC waveform and pulse duration used in wound healing?
• If a transducer has a high BNR, what adjustment helps minimize hotspots?
• Moderate thermal heating should be used for which condition?
• How should you document an electrotherapy session?
• Which observation should be documented as part of skin assessment during electrotherapy?
• What frequency range is used for MIST therapy?
• What are the optimal dose parameters for heating a deep muscle?
• How do you determine electrode size relative to muscle/bone area to minimize discomfort?
• Is a 100% duty cycle pulsed or continuous?
• The ERA is determined by the
• What is the recommended skin preparation to maximize electrode adherence and minimize impedance?
• Which modality uses a monophasic pulsed high-voltage waveform to treat edema and wounds?
• Which precaution is specifically associated with US treatment?
• What is the general parameter profile for HVPC used in wound healing?